The student will analyze the foundations of one of the few contradictory sub-trends in the thinking of contemporary European philosophy, which is associated with the name of the French philosopher Quentin Meillassoux and his concept of so-called correlationism, also called "speculative realism". At a first glance, it does not seem that a philosophy stating a correlationist circle of knowledge (understanding) and therefore requiring further stabilization of the cognitive subject would go any further in principle than, for example, Adorno's statement of the "salvation of philosophy" for modernity by a turn to the transcendental subject. Nevertheless, speculative realism is slowly turning into a broad movement in contemporary continental philosophy, and there is not only a growing number of its adherents, but also a growing number of commentaries on Meillassoux's hitherto major work, After Finitude. A Debate on the Necessity of Contingency and other texts that develop the issues he thematizes. The task of this thesis will therefore include a mapping of this debate.

The student will work through the problematic history of Neo-Hegelianism with emphasis on the impulses that have persisted in the history of European philosophy to the present.

The student will elaborate a problem analysis of the concept of political democracy in the epoch of the Anthropocene with reference to the tradition of critical theory of society and the theory of post-democracy, aversive democracy, simulation democracy and other ways of processing the problem of democracy.

The concept of environmental political philosophy points to the weaknesses and contradictions of contemporary real democracies. They are based on such concepts of man, society and economy that do not take into account the finitude of natural resources as well as the limited ability of the planetary system to absorb pollution caused by all human activities. Real constitutional democracies determined by industrialism and the imperial way of life are therefore unable to ensure the long-term sustainability of the socio-economic, let alone the environmental, conditions of their existence. Environmental political philosophy points out that the deteriorating social and environmental conditions of life on the planet in the climatic, demographic and economic regime of the Anthropocene lead to circumventing or violating the basic constitutional principles on which the legitimacy of contemporary constitutional democracies rests. The aim of the thesis is to identify and formulate the principles of the concept of environmental democracy, i.e. a concept that would on the one hand preserve the basic democratic constitutional principles and at the same time reconcile them with the current knowledge of the Earth sciences about the vulnerability of the planetary system.