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Metódy abstrakcie, idealizácie konkretizácie v logike: prípad posunutého času vo faktuálnych kondicionáloch
(Methods of Abstraction, Idealization and Concretization in Logic: the Case of Shifted Time in Factual Conditionals)
Filozofia, 2020, vol. 75, No 8, pp. 660 - 676.
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RIS The article deals with methods of abstraction, idealization and concretization in logic with a focus on the dimension of time in case of factual conditionals (in which an antecedent is stated as true and often introduced to by a conjunction „since“) with a time-shifted consequent in relation to the antecedent. We claim that the idealization of the time parameter in logic has led to its successful application to timeless mathematics, but without reconcretization it provides a crude tool for the analysis of linguistic communication in natural language. When concretizing the time parameter in conditional predictions, some authors even question the rules of classical logic. We reject the paradoxical character of classical logic as well as the pragmatic solution to this problem, because - as we show on the example of the rule of strengthening the antecedent - it would lead to boundless enthymematicity of predictions. We propose a solution according to which conditionals are masked abbreviations of arguments, in which a producer assumes the validity of a set of necessary conditions (albeit unspecified) and the principle of ceteris paribus.