TY - JOUR T1 - Analysis of Time References in Natural Language by Means of Transparent Intensional Logic JF - Organon F Y1 - 2018 A1 - Duží, Marie A1 - Macek, Jakub KW - calendar KW - Gregorian calendar KW - Julian calendar KW - TIL KW - time duration KW - time interval KW - time point KW - time span KW - transparent intensional logic KW - typed system KW - year AB - In this paper, we deal with sentences containing time references like ‘five years ago’, ‘three years older’, ‘in five seconds’. It turns out that such sentences are pragmatically incomplete, because there is an elliptic reference to a calendar that makes it possible to determine the length of the time interval associated with a time duration like a year, month, day, or to compute the time interval denoted by terms like ‘February 29, 2016’. Since Transparent Intensional Logic (TIL) takes into account two modal parameters, namely possible worlds of type ω and times of type τ, and this system is particularly apt for the analysis of natural language expressions, our background theory is TIL. Within this system, we define time intervals, calendar time durations, and last but not least a method for adding and multiplying time durations in a way that takes into account the leap days and leap seconds. As sample applications, we analyse two sentences, to wit, “A year has 365 days” and “Adam is 5 years older than Bill”. IS - 1 VL - 25 SP - 21-40 UR - http://www.klemens.sav.sk/fiusav/doc/organon/2018/1/21-40.pdf U2 - Articles U3 - 2140 TI - Analysis of Time References in Natural Language by Means of Transparent Intensional Logic ER -